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Case-Based Series in Population-Oriented Prevention (C-POP)
The importance of prevention teaching is increasingly recognized in medical education, but its implementation in medical school curricula is hampered by its cross-specialty nature, lack of curricular time, and perception as a topic of less importance than the traditional basic and clinical sciences. The Case-Based Series in Population-Oriented Prevention (C-POP) was developed to address national objectives for prevention education in a format that recognizes the students' abilities and preferences for case-based learning.
This series uses small-group discussion cases that can be adapted to a variety of settings and instructor capabilities. These cases guide the learners from a specific clinical problem to the broader clinical and population-based prevention issues for the topic. The cases were developed with the use of local health department scenarios and data and have been taught and refined in a number of settings. With its emphasis on small-group learning, clinical relevance, and adaptability to a variety of learner and instructor needs, the C-POP cases can effectively integrate prevention concepts into medical education.
The Case-Based Series in Population-Oriented Prevention (C-POP) were introduced in a 2003 supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine. These cases, which address recommended core competencies in prevention education, have been taught to both medical students and preventive medicine residents. Experience with the cases indicates that this method is a promising tool to enhance prevention education across the health professions disciplines. Such extension is feasible because the cases are designed to be adaptable for different levels of education, flexible to be tailored to local situations, and expandable to accommodate changes in the field.
Success with this teaching method was demonstrated at State University of New York (SUNY)–Upstate Medical University and collaborating institutions, including the University of Rochester, University of California at Davis, and SUNY University of Albany School of Public Health. Use of the CPOP case studies as a curriculum enhancement strategy for medical education was featured in the April 2008 issue of Academic Medicine.
Instructor Guides
Instructor guides/Preceptor versions exclusively for educators and faculty can be purchased from the APTR online Library. Instructor guides are available FREE for APTR member faculty.
The Case-Based Series in Population-Oriented Prevention (C-POP) was developed to address national objectives for prevention education in a format that recognizes the students’ abilities and preferences for case-based learning. This series uses small-group discussion cases that can be adapted to a variety of settings and instructor capabilities. These cases guide the learners from a specific clinical problem to the broader clinical and population-based prevention issues for the topic. The cases were developed with the use of local health department scenarios and data and have been taught and refined in a number of settings. With its emphasis on small-group learning, clinical relevance, and adaptability to a variety of learner and instructor needs, the C-POP project effectively integrates prevention concepts into medical education.
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Outbreak of TB in a Homeless Men’s Shelter
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Administration
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9/7/2012
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Tuberculosis presents a significant public health challenge. In this teaching case, medical students are given information about four cases of active tuberculosis that occurred over a short period of time in residents of a homeless men’s shelter. The students then walk through the steps that a local health department takes to identify and screen those individuals at risk for transmission of tuberculosis during an outbreak. During this process, they learn skills in epidemiology (such as defining “epidemic” and distinguishing uses for incidence and prevalence) as well as in population-based prevention of tuberculosis. Finally students discuss health policy as it relates to the control and prevention of tuberculosis.
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Disparity in Birth Weight in Syracuse, NY
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Administration
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9/11/2012
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Racial and Ethnic Disparity In Birth Weight in Syracuse, NY
Low birth weight is a leading cause of infant mortality. Unfortunately, despite declining rates of infant mortality, racial and ethnic disparities in both low birth weight and infant mortality rates persist. In this teaching case, a clinical vignette is used to draw attention to this public health priority in Syracuse, NY. Students learn essential epidemiological skills, such as identifying limitations of sources of data and calculating relative risks, using the example of low birth weight. In performing these skills, students also identify etiologies for such disparity. Finally, students discuss interventions that, when implemented, may decrease infant mortality rates.
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Disparity In Low Birth Weight in Wayne County, NC
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Administration
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9/11/2012
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Racial and Ethnic Disparity In Low Birth Weight in Wayne County, NC
Low birth weight is a leading cause of infant mortality. Unfortunately, despite declining rates of infant mortality, racial and ethnic disparities in both low birth weight and infant mortality rates persist. In this teaching case, a clinical vignette is used to draw attention to this public health priority in Wayne County, NC. Students learn essential epidemiological skills, such as identifying limitations of sources of data and calculating relative risks, using the example of low birth weight. In performing these skills, students also identify etiologies for such disparity. Finally, students discuss interventions that, when implemented, may decrease infant mortality rates.
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Community Health Assessment: Pitt County, NC
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Administration
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9/7/2012
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Community Health Assessment: Pitt County, North Carolina
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Sexually Transmitted Disease in Adolescents
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Administration
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9/7/2012
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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are common among adolescents. This case focuses on the population-based prevention of STDs. The case begins with clinical, diagnostic, and laboratory management of an adolescent female diagnosed with gonorrhea. Students then examine how the diagnosis of an STD can be used as an opportunity to provide preventive care and counseling on safer sexual behaviors. Questions addressing HIV testing and counseling are included in this section. Students proceed to explore how the diagnosis and reporting of an STD calls for interaction, such as partner notification, between clinical providers and public health departments. Finally, students are provided with actual information from local focus groups on attitudes and behaviors of high-risk adolescents. At the conclusion of the case, they are asked to interpret the data and formulate strategies to decrease gonorrhea rates in the community.
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Colorectal Cancer Screening
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Administration
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9/7/2012
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A Critical Look at Prevention: Colorectal Cancer Screening
This preventive medicine teaching case discusses the concepts of diagnostic test evaluation, prevention, and screening using the example of colorectal cancer screening. Features of the case include a health policy exercise concerning community screening programs and an exercise in clinical prevention decision making.
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Bicycle Helmet Effectiveness in Preventing Injury
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Administration
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9/7/2012
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This case examines the cost-effectiveness of three interventions to increase utilization of bicycle helmets to avert head injuries in individuals aged 18 years and under in Onondaga Count NY. Students are initially presented with data on head injuries, hospitalization, and death related to bicycle use. They then appraise a published study on the effectiveness of bicycle helmets in averting head injury. Finally, students work in groups to determine the cost-effectiveness of each intervention by calculating implementation costs and the specific number of head injuries averted associated with intervention. The three interventions are legislative, school, and community-based campaigns to increase helmet use. Students are provided with budget estimates and assumptions needed to complete the exercise. Cost-effectiveness analysis, cost-benefit analysis, and related concepts are discussed, including provider versus societal perspectives and importance of sensitivity analysis.
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Adolescent Suicide Prevention
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Administration
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9/7/2012
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This teaching case examines the issue of prevention of adolescent and young adult suicide both at an individual and at a population or community level, using data from the Onondaga County Health Department. In the first section of the case, students are asked to determine whether five deaths related to falling or jumping at a local shopping mall should be considered to be suicidal deaths. Students then develop skills in the reporting as well as in the epidemiology of adolescent suicidal deaths in Onondaga County. As the case progresses, students analyze the results of a local surveillance study of suicidal attempts and ideation. The case concludes with students evaluating a hypothetical screening study intended to reduce the risk of suicidal death and discussing a research design to examine the effectiveness of this prevention strategy.
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A Community Outbreak of Influenza-Like Illness
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Administration
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9/7/2012
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A Community Outbreak of Influenza-Like Illness
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No Fair Warning: Outbreak at the 1999 WC fair
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Administration
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9/7/2012
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No Fair Warning: An Outbreak Following the 1999 Washington County Fair
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Maternal Mortality
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Administration
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9/24/2014
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Maternal mortality remains an important public health concern, even though it is a rare event. This teaching module introduces five case reports of maternal death to provide a clinical lead into discussions about data sources such as death certificates and their limitations. The students will also calculate maternal mortality rates and explore racial disparities in this health indicator. Finally, the students will develop intervention strategies to identify and prevent maternal mortality.
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